Australia and China’s Renewable Energy Diplomacy in the Pacific 

Australia and China are both investing in renewable energy projects across Pacific Island nations to support climate resilience and sustainable development. The article suggests that joint initiatives, rather than competing efforts, could better align with Pacific priorities and foster regional cooperation.

Technology, Science and Climate Action

Published: 4th July 2025

Dr Liwen Guo
Dr Liwen Guo
Senior Research Fellow



Photo: Prime Minister Anthony Albanese meets with Solomon Islands Prime Minister the Hon. Jeremiah Manele at the 53rd Pacific Islands Forum Leaders’ Meeting in Tonga. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In Brief


  • Pacific Island nations face existential threats from climate change, making renewable energy access a critical priority for resilience and sustainable development.

  • Australia and China are both major contributors to renewable energy efforts in the Pacific, offering complementary strengths – Australia’s regional partnerships and China’s infrastructure capabilities.

  • Pacific nations increasingly call for partnerships that prioritise their needs, rather than geopolitical competition, emphasising climate adaptation, energy access and inclusive growth.

  • Joint efforts by Australia and China on clean energy projects in the Pacific could promote greater regional peace and cooperation than any unilateral effort.

 “I remain very concerned at the scale of the effects of climate challenge we face and the existential threat it poses to the well-being of our nation and region... We must focus on transitioning energy systems in ways that build resilience and increase economic independence.”

Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji [1]


Shared Goals in the Pacific

Pacific Island nations are highly vulnerable to climate change, with extreme weather events and rising sea levels posing an existential threat.[2] In Tuvalu, sandbag barriers may only hold back the sea for one more generation. Without urgent action, the island could become uninhabitable within decades, forcing displacement and cultural loss.[3] Enhancing energy resilience and climate change adaptation in these nations is thus critically important. Both Australia and China recognise this reality and actively fulfil their international responsibilities by continually increasing renewable energy investments and deployments in the region.

Both Australia and China contribute to the Pacific across a wide range of sectors. These include renewable energy, infrastructure development, health, education, policing and security, disaster resilience, cultural and people-to-people exchanges. Among these, renewable energy has emerged as a strategic priority, as Pacific Island communities increasingly view energy resilience as fundamental to climate adaptation and long-term sustainable development. This article therefore focuses on recent renewable energy deployments and associated diplomacy, with attention to China and Australia’s notable contributions to renewable infrastructure and energy transition efforts across several Pacific Island nations such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Nauru, Kiribati and Tonga.

Australia’s Regional Leadership and Inclusive Partnerships

Australia has been a global leader in solar panel adoption and has made significant progress in the clean energy transition, with around one-third of households equipped with solar panels and 40% of its electricity generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind.[5] Building on its leadership in renewable energy adoption, Australia recognises that the “climate crisis is the single greatest threat to the livelihoods, security and wellbeing of people in the Pacific” (Australian Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, Cook Islands, 9 November 2023). In response, it has launched key initiatives, most notably the Australian Infrastructure Financing Facility for the Pacific (AIFFP), to help Pacific Island nations address these urgent climate challenges.[6]

The Pacific Climate Infrastructure Financing Partnership (PCIFP), supported by the AIFFP, invests over AUD $350 million in climate infrastructure projects to support Pacific resilience and a low-carbon future. This partnership focuses on three priority areas:

  • Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through grid-scale and off-grid renewable energy projects that reduce reliance on costly diesel generators and increase energy access;

  • Adaptation infrastructure that tackles climate impacts such as flood reduction, coastal protection and water purification; and

  • Resilience by ensuring all infrastructure investments are designed to withstand rising temperatures, floods, sea-level rise and other extreme weather events.[6]

Among PCIFP’s flagship programs is REnew Pacific, a five-year AUD $75 million program dedicated to delivering off-grid renewable energy solutions to remote and rural communities across the Pacific and Timor-Leste. Since its launch in 2024, REnew Pacific has provided clean energy access that supports health, education, communication and economic development outcomes for tens of thousands of people. The program leverages grants, co-financing and collaboration with NGOs, private sector, investors and governments to deliver locally led, inclusive and sustainable energy projects.[8]

 

Notably, Australia has supported the development of the South Pacific’s first green hydrogen power plant in Fiji,[9] expanded renewable energy coverage in Tonga’s main and outer islands,[10], [11], [12] and installed hybrid solar systems in hospitals across the Solomon Islands.[13] Concurrently, Australia continues to provide robust technical assistance, capacity building, and financial support to Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea,[14] Samoa,[15] Kiribati[16] and other Pacific Island nations, demonstrating a strong commitment to regional energy integration and climate resilience.

Tuvalu Island erosion due to climate change
Aerial view over the capital Funafuti, Tuvalu, 2023. Photo from: Samuel Phelps/DFAT

China’s Infrastructure-Driven Green Cooperation

Meanwhile, driven by the advancements of its photovoltaic industry and the momentum of its Belt and Road Initiative, China is promoting green development cooperation, leveraging its strengths in financing, technology and infrastructure construction to implement renewable energy projects across the Pacific. Notable Chinese projects include a 5 MW photovoltaic power plant in Samoa,[17] Tonga’s smart microgrid system,[18] a 6 MW photovoltaic and energy storage project in Nauru[19] and a "PV + drinking water" demonstration project in Kiribati.[20]

 

Additionally, China established the China-Pacific Island Countries Climate Change Cooperation Center, facilitating technology transfer, policy exchange, and capacity building, thus promoting green energy technologies and creating a platform for multilateral South-South cooperation. Located at Liaocheng University (Liaocheng City, China), the Centre also serves as a hub for research on ecological restoration and low-carbon technologies, with recent initiatives strengthening academic–policy collaboration and project delivery across the Pacific region.[21], [22]

 

Overall, Australia’s clean energy cooperation in the region features broader coverage and structured partnerships, while China provides targeted solutions through large-scale infrastructure projects. Figure 1 below maps renewable energy projects by both countries across Pacific Island nations, with an overview of each project. Table 1 in Appendix 1 lists these initiatives. 

Figure 1: Interactive map showing approximate locations of Australian and Chinese renewable energy projects supporting Pacific Island nations.

Legend
Chinese Projects
Australian Projects
Instructions:
To zoom in/out, use the mouse-wheel.
To move around the map, press-and-hold the left-mouse button.
Hover your mouse above a blue/red circle to view details

Geopolitical Context

While these approaches of Australia and China differ in style and scope, the broader geopolitical context in which they operate also shapes how such efforts are received. To better understand this, we need to examine how engagement in the region is currently framed by Australia and China.

 

For Australia, Pacific Island countries are close neighbours within the “Blue Pacific Continent”, sharing deep historical, political and cultural connections. Decades of cooperation have cemented Australia’s prominent regional role. Australia has been committed to supporting regional stability, sustainable development and climate resilience, placing the Pacific at the heart of its broader foreign policy. Australia's foundational and funding roles in regional organisations such as the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) and the Pacific Community (SPC) reflect its long-term commitment.[23]

 

At the same time, Pacific Island countries seem to have also become increasingly significant for China's strategic and developmental interests. Located along the southern route of its “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”, these nations are key partners for China’s expanding cooperation with the Global South. China emphasises principles of “mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, and common development” in its Pacific diplomacy.[24]

 

While many international observers interpret China’s activities as efforts to expand its regional influence, recent joint statements suggest it hopes to secure diplomatic backing from Pacific Island nations on Taiwan-related matters[25]. Some analysts argue that these engagements reflect a broader, strategic agenda to shape regional norms and institutions in line with China’s long-term developmental goals. In official rhetoric, China emphasises a commitment to inclusive development, responsiveness to local priorities and support for climate resilience and sustainable growth across the region.[26],  [27], [28]

 

Understanding Pacific Island Priorities

Some critics argue that Australia’s development efforts in the Pacific are driven more by a desire to restrict China’s economic and security influence than by a genuine commitment to addressing the needs of Pacific Island countries. Such perceptions, if left unaddressed, could erode the Pacific’s trust in Australia.[29]

 

For example, some of China’s proposed initiatives, including the “China-Pacific Island Countries Common Development Vision”, were viewed by Australian officials as a “direct challenge” to existing partnerships, prompting calls for countermeasures.[29] However, this perception can weaken trust and undermine Australia's credibility as a development partner.

 

In recent years, China has increased its diplomatic and economic presence in the Pacific, prompting some Pacific Island nations to express concerns about transparency and consultation. These reactions highlight the agency of Pacific Island countries in shaping their own development paths and their preference for partnerships grounded in respect and reciprocity.

 

Currently, Australia’s initiatives – such as the “Pacific Step-up” – focus on security, connectivity, development and sustainability.[30] China has also outlined its vision, centred on infrastructure, climate cooperation and sustainable development.[31] Despite differences in their strategic frameworks, Australia and China share common objectives, with overlap in areas such as sustainability, resilience and regional cooperation. Both nations seek deeper relations with Pacific Island countries, yet they must pay close attention to the region’s expressed priorities: addressing climate adaptation, building resilience and promoting inclusive development – rather than becoming passively involved in geopolitical competition.[29]

 

Considering these dynamics, there may be a growing need for Australia to adopt a more partnership-oriented mindset. Rather than viewing Pacific engagement as a zero-sum contest, it is more constructive to adopt a pluralist perspective, one that recognises the value of diverse actors working together to build regional resilience. Overly adversarial narratives that frame every initiative as part of a geopolitical contest risk overlooking the broader potential for inclusive cooperation. By focusing on Pacific-led priorities, Australia and its partners can help expand opportunities and deliver shared benefits across the region.[32]

 

While both Australia and China may have their own strategic reasons for competing for influence in the Pacific, they must also respond to the concerns of Pacific Island nations, which are increasingly calling for greater respect for their sovereignty and development priorities, especially on existential issues like climate change. With a shift toward more inclusive and pragmatic engagement, there are clear opportunities for Australia and China to work together in ways that align with Pacific priorities. Such collaboration could also help in mitigating geopolitical tensions in the region, which would be welcomed by the people of the Pacific Islands.

 

The Case for Trilateral or Collaborative Models

A precedent already exists for trilateral cooperation in the Pacific: Since 2016, Australia and China have jointly supported Papua New Guinea through a trilateral health initiative focused on malaria control, demonstrating that such partnerships can effectively align national strengths to address regional challenges. Mr Nie Jiangang from China National Health Commission has said, “Continued trilateral cooperation must focus on the needs of the PNG health system and the comparative advantage of each of the three partner countries. We must be innovative and build on the skills and experience of all of the partners and learn from each other”.[33]

 

A review of the project conducted in 2018 demonstrated that the project has successfully contributed to improved malaria diagnosis for Papua New Guineans. Building on this successful model, Australia could seek similar trilateral arrangements in the renewable energy sector to support Pacific Island countries’ climate and energy priorities.

 

Australia–China renewable energy cooperation offers potential by leveraging complementary strengths. Key areas for collaboration could include regional expertise, technology development, human capital, institutional alignment and investment.

 

For example, building on the frameworks like the Australia–China Science and Research Fund (ACSRF) and its Joint Research Centres (JRCs), both countries could co-develop integrated clean energy solutions, such as solar, wind and battery storage systems, to improve the reliability and sustainability of energy infrastructure in remote Pacific Island communities.

 

China's global leadership in electric vehicle (EV) technology, combined with Australia’s strengths in clean energy supply, critical minerals and battery recycling, presents strong complementarities for jointly advancing green transport infrastructure. EVs powered by locally generated renewable energy – such as solar and wind – could reduce the reliance on costly diesel fuel imports and improve the energy security of the Pacific Island nations. As highlighted in recent bilateral dialogues and forums, clean energy has become a shared priority, with promising prospects for expanding cooperation in solar panel deployment, EV rollout and climate mitigation technologies.[34], [35]

 

Beyond infrastructure, joint training and knowledge-sharing platforms on energy systems, grid management and maintenance could enhance local capacity and long-term sustainability. Given frequent natural disasters, cooperation in building climate-resilient infrastructure and emergency response systems would further strengthen energy security. Emerging technologies such as green hydrogen and tidal energy also present opportunities. A joint renewable energy fund could integrate financing, coordinate projects and increase impact while fostering a supportive regional environment.

Final Reflections:  Building Peace Through Clean Energy Partnerships

Australia–China cooperation, provided both nations are willing, could drive economic development and regional stability in the Pacific, while responding to the urgent challenge of climate change and delivering tangible, sustainable benefits to the Pacific Island nations.

 

In light of the current geopolitical tensions, a joint initiative on a clean energy project between Australia and China, designed to support a Pacific Island nation, could offer far greater value to regional peace and stability than any unilateral effort.  Such a partnership would signal a shared commitment to climate resilience, inclusive development, and regional solidarity. More importantly, it would represent a shift away from rivalry and toward genuine cooperation, placing Pacific nations at the heart of engagement and advancing peace through practical action.

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Appendix 1

Table 1. Comparative Overview of Renewable Energy Cooperation Projects by Australia and China in Pacific Island Countries

   Pacific Island
   Country            		No.Year (Australia)Details (Australia)                                                                           Year (China)Details (China)                                                                         
New Zealand12021Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV) Australia and Genesis Energy jointly developed the 63 MWp Lauriston solar farm in New Zealand, generating 100 GWh annually, enough to power over 13,000 households.[36]2018 China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation (CRRC) Electric partnered with New Zealand’s Tranzit to launch the first 10 fully electric double-decker buses in Wellington, marking a major milestone in New Zealand’s transition to zero-emission public transport. The fleet was expected to expand further through 2021.[37]
New Zealand2  2024 China National Building Material (CNBM) International installed its first 50 kW solar photovoltaic and 100 kWh energy storage system in New Zealand, capable of supplying power to the community and providing emergency electricity support during disasters. The plan includes expanding the system to schools, farms, and other sites.[38]
The Republic of Fiji12024Pacific Trade Invest (PTI) Australia is supporting Hydrogène de France (HDF) Energy in developing the South Pacific’s first green hydrogen power plant on Fiji’s largest island, Viti Levu, helping Fiji reduce its reliance on fuel imports and achieve its goal of 100% renewable electricity by 2034.[39]2018Assistance was provided to build the Somosomo Hydropower Station on Taveuni Island, Fiji, ending the island’s history without a power station. The project delivers low-cost clean energy and supports Fiji’s goal of achieving 90% renewable energy.[40]
The Republic of Fiji22024 The Australian Government, in partnership with the Its Time Foundation, has contributed AUD $278,000 to establish solar power and remote monitoring systems for remote schools in Fiji, enhancing energy sustainability and developing a maintenance and funding model that can be replicated globally.[41]2018 China launched the 'China-Fiji New Energy Industry and Application Demonstration Park' project to promote the replication and dissemination of photovoltaic technology, talent development, and poverty alleviation experience in Fiji, helping the country develop photovoltaic policy standards and stimulate economic growth.[42]
The Republic of Fiji32025 Through the AIFFP, the Australian Government has committed AUD $8.25 million to Fiji’s Rural Electrification Fund to deliver solar power to remote island communities, marking the largest investment in the fund to date.[43]  
The Republic of Fiji42025 Indigenous-owned enterprise EPC Solar has entered the Fijian market, signing memorandums of understanding with several resorts and businesses to promote solar and energy storage technologies, accelerating the local transition to renewable energy.[44]  
The Independent State of Samoa12015 MPower and First Solar signed an agreement to build a 5 MW solar power plant in Samoa, with a total investment of AUD $14 million, supporting the country’s goal of achieving 100% renewable energy.[45]2010 Signed an agreement with Samoa to construct a 5–7 MW solar power plant, marking the beginning of China’s photovoltaic cooperation with South Pacific Island countries.[46]
The Independent State of Samoa22017 Granite Power signed a long-term power purchase agreement with the Samoa Electric Power Corporation to deploy its Australian-developed GRANEX waste heat recovery technology, aiming to enhance renewable energy use and reduce emissions.[47]  
The Independent State of Samoa32024 Supported Samoa in adopting the advanced Open Source Grid Integration Model for the NEM (OpenCEM) electricity system modelling tool to assist in achieving its 100% renewable energy target.[48]  
The Kingdom of Tonga12013 In partnership with the Asian Development Bank, contributed AUD $4.5 million to build solar power systems on nine outer islands of Tonga, reducing annual diesel imports by nearly 500,000 litres and helping to provide clean and affordable electricity.[49]2017 A Chinese company invested in building Tonga’s first smart microgrid solar power plant, with an annual electricity generation of 7.23 million kWh, meeting 6% of the country’s power demand. The project reduces dependence on diesel, while promoting local employment and economic stability.[50]
The Kingdom of Tonga22015Through the Australia–Tonga Support Program and an investment of AUD $35 million, Australia has helped Tonga achieve near-universal electricity access and supported multiple renewable energy and grid upgrade initiatives. These include providing solar and battery systems for remote islands, establishing a renewable energy training centre at the university, and advancing the development of a 24MW solar-plus-storage project.[51]2024 Gezhouba Group constructed a 2,250 kW solar power plant in Tonga’s capital, organized and implemented by the International Economic Cooperation Agency of China’s Ministry of Commerce. The project alleviates local electricity shortages, reduces reliance on diesel, and supports green development and Belt and Road cooperation.[52]
The Kingdom of Tonga32019  Through the  Tonga Renewable Energy Project (TREP) and in collaboration with multiple funding agencies, renewable energy generation and storage facilities were constructed on Tonga’s main island and seven outer islands, supporting the country’s goals of achieving 50% renewable energy by 2020 and 70% by 2030.[53]  
The Kingdom of Tonga42020An additional AUD $2.9 million was provided through the Tonga Outer Island Renewable Energy Project (OIREP) to support 100% climate-resilient electricity coverage in Vava’u, Tonga. Since 2013, total investment has reached AUD $9.5 million, helping Tonga work toward its goal of 70% renewable energy by 2030.[54]   
The Independent State of Papua New Guinea12019 Supported six new partners in implementing clean energy projects across several provinces in Papua New Guinea, improving lighting, water supply, education, and healthcare in over 100 villages. This initiative is part of the PNG–Australia Partnership’s efforts to advance off-grid electrification goals.[55]2016 Led by Shenzhen Energy Group, the Chinese consortium is participating in the Ramu 2 Hydropower Project, with a total investment of approximately USD $939 million. As Papua New Guinea’s largest power infrastructure project, it is expected to increase national generation capacity by about one-third. The project follows a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) model and will be handed over to the PNG government after 25 years of operation.[56], [57]
The Independent State of Papua New Guinea22024 Partnered with Sola Paygo and MiBank to increase solar energy access in remote communities of Papua New Guinea through a pay-as-you-go model and a network of local female promoters. Over 18 months, the initiative is expected to benefit 4,000 households and 28,000 individuals, including 12,000 women.[58]2023 China assisted Papua New Guinea in establishing the Tari Low-Carbon Demonstration Zone, providing a 1.5MW + 0.5MW solar and storage project, 200 sets of solar streetlights, and rainwater purification equipment, as part of the 'Ten-Hundred-Thousand' initiative and the Belt and Road South-South Climate Cooperation Program.[59]
The Independent State of Papua New Guinea32024Through AIFFP, Australia is providing AUD $229 million to refurbish and upgrade Papua New Guinea’s Ramu 1 and Rouna hydropower stations, build two solar power plants, improve the capital’s electricity grid, and support off-grid renewable energy projects, benefiting over 50,000 households with access to clean electricity.[60]  
The Independent State of Papua New Guinea42025Provided PGK K70 million in funding to promote off-grid electricity access in remote areas of Papua New Guinea, supporting multiple solar energy projects that have improved education, healthcare, and environmental safety—particularly benefiting women and children.[61]  
The Republic of Vanuatu12007 The University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Australia, through its Énergie Renouvelable project, installed solar lighting and charging stations on Tanna Island in Vanuatu, improved school energy use, built mini-grids, and developed bilingual user manuals. Following the 2015 cyclone, the project expanded to include support for communication and lighting systems. In 2019, UNSW also conducted geothermal resource surveys and assessed damage to micro-hydropower systems.[62]  
The Republic of Vanuatu22019 The UNSW team (led by Richard and his team) has installed solar lighting and charging facilities in 7 out of 14 rural health clinics and repaired some of the existing lighting systems. They have also provided night-time lighting for Lamlu School, with plans to expand the initiative to other schools based on demand.[63]  
The Republic of Vanuatu32024 Australia’s UNSW and partner organisations are collaborating with multiple institutions in Vanuatu to address the issue of solar e-waste. The focus is on establishing off-grid solar repair enterprises on the islands of Tanna, Aneityum, and Pentecost, developing sustainable business models, and promoting employment opportunities for women and people with disabilities.[64]  
The Republic of Vanuatu42025 Through the REnew Pacific program, Australia supported Vanuatu’s first two off-grid energy projects, benefiting over 84,000 people by improving access to water, education, and healthcare in remote areas. Led by GGGI and Respond Global, the projects integrate solar power generation, water pumping systems, and infrastructure upgrades.[65]  
The Federated States of Micronesia12019 The Australian Government, in partnership with the Pacific Community (SPC), has invested AUD $4.1 million to expand solar microgrid systems to Woleai Atoll in Yap State and Pingelap in Pohnpei State. The project provides electricity to households, schools, clinics, churches, and birthing centres, including internal wiring and battery storage systems. It aims to enhance safety, education, and health services, support livelihood development, and reduce reliance on aging diesel generators.[66]  
Solomon Islands12024 Through the 'Off-Grid Renewable Energy Partnerships' initiative, Australia is supporting four projects in the Solomon Islands, covering Savo Island, Malaita Province, Guadalcanal Province, and Western Province. Partners include Superfly and Pelena Energy. The total investment amounts to SBD $8.1 million, with over SBD $5.6 million contributed by Australia. The initiative aims to provide sustainable electricity to remote communities and improve health, education, and livelihood services. For example, in partnership with Pelena Energy, the Vavanga community’s micro-hydro system and distribution network are being upgraded, aiming to deliver reliable electricity to 116 households.[67], [68]2021 The Tina River Hydropower Project, constructed by China Hydropower No. 9 Bureau, was approved in 2021 and is scheduled for completion by 2028. With an installed capacity generating 78 million kWh annually, it is expected to meet 68% of Honiara’s electricity demand. As the country’s first large-scale renewable energy project, it will help lower electricity prices, reduce reliance on diesel, and support the Solomon Islands’ goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.[69]
Solomon Islands22024 The Tina River Hydropower and Transmission Line Project is jointly funded by multiple partners, including AUD $32 million from the AIFFP. This funding supports the construction of a 22-kilometre transmission line to connect the hydropower station to the main power grid in the capital, Honiara. The project marks a significant step in the Solomon Islands’ transition to clean energy and its efforts to reduce reliance on diesel-powered generation.[70]  
Solomon Islands32025 Through its AUD $75 million REnew Pacific fund, the Australian Government supported the installation of a solar hybrid system at Atoifi Hospital in East Malaita. The project provides stable electricity for over 81,000 residents, improves emergency and maternity care services, and ensures reliable power for training half of the nation’s nurses.[71]  
The Republic of Kiribati12013 Australia announced a US $4 million investment to support a solar energy project on Tarawa, the main atoll of Kiribati. The project is expected to supply 15% of the country’s electricity from solar power, reducing reliance on costly and polluting imported diesel.[72]2023In 2023, China Power International, under the State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC), together with Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute, proposed a 'Solar PV + Drinking Water' project. The initiative combines rooftop solar photovoltaic systems with atmospheric water generation technology to provide clean drinking water for medical staff and patients at the main hospital in Tarawa, the capital of Kiribati. The project received construction approval in September 2023. This initiative responds to Kiribati’s urgent needs for clean energy and safe drinking water and represents a significant step in China’s effort to expand its 'clean energy + livelihood' cooperation model.[73]
The Republic of Kiribati22016 Through funding from the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility, the Australian Government supported the 'Kiribati Grid-Connected Solar PV Project,' which installed a total of 548 kW of solar systems across four government facilities. The project aims to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels and demonstrates Australia’s leadership in climate action.[74]  
The Republic of Kiribati32024 The Australian Government, through the AIFFP, partnered with Action on Poverty and the Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific to launch a 22-month off-grid energy project on Aranuka Island. The project provides solar power and water supply systems, with a focus on women’s capacity building and addressing electricity and drinking water shortages on remote islands. The total investment is approximately USD $337,000.[75]  
The Republic of Kiribati42024 Reeves Envico participated in the construction of the Tarawa Desalination Plant, a USD $60 million project funded by the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, and the Green Climate Fund. It is the largest desalination facility in the Pacific region. Meanwhile, the Kiritimati Island Energy Roadmap project is progressing with support from the Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF), aiming to achieve 100% renewable energy supply by 2025.[76]  
The Republic of Nauru12017 The Asian Development Bank has provided a US $20.7 million grant for Nauru’s solar photovoltaic and battery storage project, with co-financing of US $17.6 million from the Australian and Nauru governments, and an additional funding request submitted to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The project will benefit all 11,300 residents of the country. Although the per capita cost is as high as US $2,380, Nauru is considered a special case within the global climate aid framework due to its geographic isolation and small population.[77]2024 The 6 MW solar power project, constructed by China Harbour Engineering Company and Huazi Technology, is the largest renewable energy project in Nauru to date. It includes a supporting 2.5 MW/5 MWh battery storage system and an 11 kV substation. Once connected to the grid, the project is expected to increase Nauru’s share of renewable energy from 3% to 47%, significantly reducing reliance on high-cost diesel generation.[78]
The Republic of the Marshall Islands1  2021The World Bank-funded photovoltaic corridor demonstration project on Ebeye Island is being constructed by the Chinese company SINOSOAR. It features a coordinated design of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and micro-inverters, combined with diesel backup generators. The project aims to enhance power supply stability, reduce dependence on diesel generation, and support grid upgrade and modernization efforts.[79], [80]
The Republic of Palau12022 The Palau Solar and Energy Storage Project received funding support from the Australian Government through its AUD $2 billion AIFFP. Developed by Solar Pacific Pristine Power, it is the largest hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage facility in the Western Pacific region, with an annual generation capacity of up to 23,000 megawatt-hours. The project supports Palau’s goal of achieving 20% renewable energy by 2025 and reduces reliance on imported diesel.[81]  
The Republic of Palau22023 With loans and grants supported by the AIFFP, Australia is assisting the private company Solar Pacific Pristine Power in building Palau’s first solar and battery energy storage power station, advancing its energy transition.[82]  
The Cook Islands12015From 2015 to 2017, Entura, supported by grants from the Asian Development Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the European Union, and Japan’s PEC, designed and implemented a 3.6 MW solar and 12.4 MWh energy storage hybrid off-grid system for six southern islands (including Atiu, Mitiaro, Mangaia, Mauke, Aitutaki, and Rarotonga). Four of these islands achieved nearly 100% renewable energy supply, significantly reducing diesel dependence, enhancing energy security and autonomy, and contributing to the national goal of 100% clean energy.[83]  
Niue12024 In 2024, New Zealand announced a NZD $20.5 million investment in Niue’s renewable energy project and jointly funded with Australia the construction of a new power station, expected to be completed by mid-2025. This project aims to help Niue achieve its goal of 80% renewable energy by 2025 as outlined in its Energy Strategic Roadmap, improve grid stability, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and address climate change impacts.[84]  
Niue22024 On November 7, 2024, Niue held a commissioning ceremony for its new power station. The project received AUD $2 million in support from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, NZD $2.5 million from the New Zealand government for battery energy storage system repairs and grid upgrades, along with additional assistance from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and other agencies.[85]  
New Caledonia12025Australia, through its participation in the Kiwa Initiative alongside France and other countries, jointly funds biodiversity projects in the Pacific region and collaborates with research institutions to promote solar energy development in small island states, supporting climate resilience and environmental protection.[86]2015 Shunfeng International Clean Energy Co., Ltd. signed a memorandum of cooperation with the government of French Polynesia to establish the South Pacific’s first low-carbon clean energy demonstration zone, which includes the construction of solar photovoltaic power plants, the promotion of 'solar + diesel' hybrid systems, energy-saving products, electric vehicles and charging stations, and the exploration of tidal and seawater power generation technologies for local application.[87]

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